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Home  ›  Words To Describe A Camel

Words To Describe A Camel

Written By Monday, October 10, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Genus of mammals

Camel

Temporal range: Pliocene–Recent [1]

PreꞒ

Ꞓ

O

Southward

D

C

P

T

J

Chiliad

Pg

Northward

↓
A one-humped camel
Dromedary
(Camelus dromedarius)
A shaggy two-humped camel
Bactrian camel
(Camelus bactrianus)
Scientific nomenclature e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Social club: Artiodactyla
Family: Camelidae
Tribe: Camelini
Genus: Camelus
Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Camelus dromedarius [6]

Linnaeus, 1758
Species
  • Camelus bactrianus
  • Camelus dromedarius
  • Camelus ferus
  • †Camelus grattardi (fossil)[two]
  • †Camelus knoblochi (fossil)[3]
  • †Camelus moreli (fossil)
  • †Camelus sivalensis (fossil)[4]
  • †Camelus thomasi (fossil)[v]
Camel world population.png
Distribution of Camels worldwide
Synonyms

List

  • Camellus Molina, 1782
  • Dromedarius Gloger, 1841

A camel (from: Latin: camelus and Greek: κάμηλος (kamēlos) from Semitic: gāmāl.[vii] [viii]) is an even-toed ungulate in the genus Camelus that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back. Camels have long been domesticated and, as livestock, they provide food (milk and meat) and textiles (fiber and felt from pilus). Camels are working animals particularly suited to their desert habitat and are a vital ways of transport for passengers and cargo. There are three surviving species of camel. The one-humped dromedary makes up 94% of the world'southward camel population, and the two-humped Bactrian camel makes upwardly 6%. The Wild Bactrian camel is a separate species and is at present critically endangered.

The word camel is also used informally in a wider sense, where the more right term is "camelid", to include all seven species of the family Camelidae: the true camels (the above iii species), along with the "New World" camelids: the llama, the alpaca, the guanaco, and the vicuña, which belong to the separate tribe Lamini.[9] Camelids originated in N America during the Eocene, with the antecedent of modern camels, Paracamelus, migrating across the Bering land bridge into Asia during the late Miocene, around 6 million years ago.

Taxonomy

Extant species

3 species are extant:[10] [xi]

Image Common name Scientific name Distribution
2011 Trampeltier 1528.JPG Bactrian camel Camelus bactrianus Domesticated; Central Asia, including the historical region of Bactria.
Domestic Dromedary Merzouga.jpg Dromedary / Arabian camel Camelus dromedarius Domesticated; the Centre E, Sahara Desert, and Southern asia; introduced to Commonwealth of australia
Wild Bactrian camel on road east of Yarkand.jpg Wild Bactrian camel Camelus ferus Remote areas of northwest Prc and Mongolia

Biology

The boilerplate life expectancy of a camel is 40 to 50 years.[12] A full-grown adult dromedary camel stands 1.85 m (vi ft 1 in) at the shoulder and 2.15 m (7 ft ane in) at the hump.[xiii] Bactrian camels tin can exist a foot taller. Camels can run at upwardly to 65 km/h (40 mph) in brusk bursts and sustain speeds of up to 40 km/h (25 mph).[fourteen] Bactrian camels weigh 300 to 1,000 kg (660 to 2,200 lb) and dromedaries 300 to 600 kg (660 to 1,320 lb). The widening toes on a camel's hoof provide supplemental grip for varying soil sediments.[15]

The male dromedary camel has an organ called a dulla in his throat, a large, inflatable sac he extrudes from his mouth when in heat to assert dominance and attract females. It resembles a long, swollen, pink tongue hanging out of the side of his mouth.[16] Camels mate by having both male person and female sitting on the ground, with the male mounting from behind.[17] The male usually ejaculates three or four times within a single mating session.[18] Camelids are the only ungulates to mate in a sitting position.[xix]

Ecological and behavioral adaptations

Camels do non directly store h2o in their humps; they are reservoirs of fatty tissue. When this tissue is metabolized, it yields more than 1 gram of water for every gram of fat candy. This fat metabolization, while releasing energy, causes water to evaporate from the lungs during respiration (as oxygen is required for the metabolic procedure): overall, there is a net decrease in water.[20] [21]

A portrait of a camel with a visibly thick mane

A camel'south thick glaze is 1 of its many adaptations that aid it in desert-similar atmospheric condition.

A leashed pack camel

A camel in Somalia, which has the globe'southward largest camel population.[22]

Camels have a series of physiological adaptations that allow them to withstand long periods of time without any external source of water.[23] The dromedary camel can drink as seldom as once every ten days even under very hot atmospheric condition, and can lose up to thirty% of its body mass due to aridity.[24] Dissimilar other mammals, camels' red blood cells are oval rather than circular in shape. This facilitates the catamenia of cherry-red claret cells during aridity[25] and makes them meliorate at withstanding high osmotic variation without rupturing when drinking big amounts of water: a 600 kg (1,300 lb) camel can drink 200 L (53 US gal) of water in three minutes.[26] [27]

Camels are able to withstand changes in body temperature and water consumption that would kill most other mammals. Their temperature ranges from 34 °C (93 °F) at dawn and steadily increases to 40 °C (104 °F) past dusk, before they cool off at night again.[23] In general, to compare betwixt camels and the other livestock, camels lose only 1.3 liters of fluid intake every day while the other livestock lose twenty to twoscore liters per day.[28] Maintaining the brain temperature within certain limits is critical for animals; to assist this, camels have a rete mirabile, a complex of arteries and veins lying very close to each other which utilizes countercurrent blood flow to absurd blood flowing to the encephalon.[29] Camels rarely sweat, even when ambience temperatures reach 49 °C (120 °F).[30] Whatever sweat that does occur evaporates at the skin level rather than at the surface of their coat; the rut of vaporization therefore comes from trunk estrus rather than ambient estrus. Camels tin can withstand losing 25% of their trunk weight in h2o, whereas most other mammals can withstand only near 12–14% aridity before cardiac failure results from circulatory disturbance.[27]

When the camel exhales, water vapor becomes trapped in their nostrils and is reabsorbed into the body equally a means to conserve water.[31] Camels eating green herbage can ingest sufficient moisture in milder weather to maintain their bodies' hydrated state without the need for drinking.[32]

Domesticated camel calves lying in sternal recumbency, a position that aids estrus loss

The camel'due south thick coat insulates it from the intense rut radiated from desert sand; a shorn camel must sweat fifty% more to avert overheating.[33] During the summer the coat becomes lighter in color, reflecting low-cal equally well as helping avoid sunburn.[27] The camel's long legs help by keeping its torso farther from the ground, which can heat upward to seventy °C (158 °F).[34] [35] Dromedaries have a pad of thick tissue over the sternum called the pedestal. When the animal lies downwardly in a sternal recumbent position, the pedestal raises the torso from the hot surface and allows cooling air to laissez passer under the torso.[29]

Camels' mouths accept a thick leathery lining, assuasive them to chew thorny desert plants. Long eyelashes and ear hairs, together with nostrils that tin can shut, form a barrier against sand. If sand gets lodged in their eyes, they can dislodge it using their transparent third eyelid (also known as the nictitating membrane). The camels' gait and widened feet help them motility without sinking into the sand.[34] [36]

The kidneys and intestines of a camel are very efficient at reabsorbing h2o. Camels' kidneys have a 1:4 cortex to medulla ratio.[37] Thus, the medullary part of a camel's kidney occupies twice as much area every bit a moo-cow's kidney. Secondly, renal corpuscles take a smaller diameter, which reduces surface surface area for filtration. These two major anatomical characteristics enable camels to conserve water and limit the volume of urine in farthermost desert conditions.[38] Camel urine comes out as a thick syrup, and camel faeces are so dry out that they exercise not require drying when the Bedouins utilize them to fuel fires.[39] [40] [41] [42]

The camel immune system differs from those of other mammals. Ordinarily, the Y-shaped antibody molecules consist of two heavy (or long) chains along the length of the Y, and two light (or brusk) bondage at each tip of the Y. Camels, in addition to these, too have antibodies made of only two heavy chains, a trait that makes them smaller and more durable. These "heavy-concatenation-only" antibodies, discovered in 1993, are thought to have developed 50 million years ago, after camelids split from ruminants and pigs.[43] Camels suffer from surra caused past Trypanosoma evansi wherever camels are domesticated in the world,[44] and resultantly camels have evolved trypanolytic antibodies equally with many mammals. In the future, nanobody/single-domain antibiotic therapy will surpass natural camel antibodies past reaching locations currently unreachable due to natural antibodies' larger size. Such therapies may also be suitable for other mammals.[45]

Genetics

The karyotypes of different camelid species have been studied earlier by many groups,[46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] just no agreement on chromosome classification of camelids has been reached. A 2007 study flow sorted camel chromosomes, building on the fact that camels have 37 pairs of chromosomes (2n=74), and found that the karyotype consisted of one metacentric, three submetacentric, and 32 acrocentric autosomes. The Y is a small metacentric chromosome, while the Ten is a large metacentric chromosome.[52]

The hybrid camel, a hybrid between Bactrian and dromedary camels, has 1 hump, though information technology has an indentation 4–12 cm (one.half dozen–4.7 in) deep that divides the front from the back. The hybrid is 2.xv m (7 ft ane in) at the shoulder and 2.32 thousand (vii ft vii in) tall at the hump. It weighs an average of 650 kg (1,430 lb) and can carry effectually 400 to 450 kg (880 to 990 lb), which is more either the dromedary or Bactrian can.[53]

According to molecular data, the wild Bactrian camel (C. ferus) separated from the domestic Bactrian camel (C. bactrianus) about i million years agone.[54] [55] New World and Old Earth camelids diverged about 11 one thousand thousand years ago.[56] In spite of this, these species can hybridize and produce feasible offspring.[57] The cama is a camel-llama hybrid bred past scientists to see how closely related the parent species are.[58] Scientists collected semen from a camel via an bogus vagina and inseminated a llama later on stimulating ovulation with gonadotrophin injections.[59] The cama is halfway in size between a camel and a llama and lacks a hump. It has ears intermediate between those of camels and llamas, longer legs than the llama, and partially cloven hooves.[60] [61] Like the mule, camas are sterile, despite both parents having the aforementioned number of chromosomes.[59]

Evolution

The earliest known camel, chosen Protylopus, lived in North America 40 to 50 million years agone (during the Eocene).[xviii] It was about the size of a rabbit and lived in the open woodlands of what is now South Dakota.[62] [63] By 35 one thousand thousand years agone, the Poebrotherium was the size of a goat and had many more than traits similar to camels and llamas.[64] [65] The hoofed Stenomylus, which walked on the tips of its toes, also existed around this time, and the long-necked Aepycamelus evolved in the Miocene.[66]

The antecedent of modern camels, Paracamelus, migrated into Eurasia from N America via Beringia during the late Miocene, between 7.v and 6.5 meg years ago.[67] [68] [69] During the Pleistocene, around 3 to 1 meg years agone, the North American Camelidae spread to South America as function of the Nifty American Interchange via the newly formed Isthmus of Panama, where they gave rise to guanacos and related animals.[xviii] [62] [63] Populations of Paracamelus continued to exist in the North American Arctic into the Early Pleistocene.[70] [71] This creature is estimated to accept stood around 9 feet (2.7 metres) tall. The Bactrian camel diverged from the dromedary almost ane 1000000 years ago, according to the fossil record.[72]

The concluding camel native to North America was Camelops hesternus, which vanished along with horses, brusk-faced bears, mammoths and mastodons, ground sloths, sabertooth cats, and many other megafauna, coinciding with the migration of humans from Asia at the cease of the Pleistocene, around 15–11,000 years ago.[73] [74]

  • A drawing of two early camels

  • Stenomylus skeleton

  • Poebrotherium skeleton

  • Procamelus skull

Domestication

Like horses, camels originated in North America and somewhen spread across Beringia to Asia. They survived in the Old World, and eventually humans domesticated them and spread them globally. Forth with many other megafauna in North America, the original wild camels were wiped out during the spread of the beginning indigenous peoples of the Americas from Asia into N America, x to 12,000 years agone; although fossils have never been associated with definitive evidence of hunting.[73] [74]

Near camels surviving today are domesticated.[42] [75] Although feral populations exist in Australia, Republic of india and Kazakhstan, wild camels survive simply in the wild Bactrian camel population of the Gobi Desert.[12]

History

When humans get-go domesticated camels is disputed. Dromedaries may have beginning been domesticated past humans in Somalia or South Arabia onetime during the 3rd millennium BC, the Bactrian in central Asia around 2,500 BC,[18] [76] [77] [78] every bit at Shar-i Sokhta (also known as the Burnt City), Iran.[79]

Martin Heide's 2010 work on the domestication of the camel tentatively concludes that humans had domesticated the Bactrian camel by at least the middle of the 3rd millennium somewhere e of the Zagros Mountains, with the practice then moving into Mesopotamia. Heide suggests that mentions of camels "in the patriarchal narratives may refer, at least in some places, to the Bactrian camel", while noting that the camel is not mentioned in relationship to Canaan.[80]

Recent excavations in the Timna Valley by Lidar Sapir-Hen and Erez Ben-Yosef discovered what may be the earliest domestic camel bones yet found in State of israel or even outside the Arabian Peninsula, dating to around 930 BC. This garnered considerable media coverage, as it is stiff evidence that the stories of Abraham, Jacob, Esau, and Joseph were written after this fourth dimension.[81] [82]

The existence of camels in Mesopotamia—but non in the eastern Mediterranean lands—is not a new idea. The historian Richard Bulliet did not think that the occasional mention of camels in the Bible meant that the domestic camels were common in the Holy Land at that time.[83] The archeologist William F. Albright, writing fifty-fifty earlier, saw camels in the Bible as an anachronism.[84]

The official study by Sapir-Hen and Ben-Joseph notes:

The introduction of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) as a pack animal to the southern Levant ... substantially facilitated merchandise across the vast deserts of Arabia, promoting both economic and social change (e.thou., Kohler 1984; Borowski 1998: 112–116; Jasmin 2005). This ... has generated extensive discussion regarding the appointment of the earliest domestic camel in the southern Levant (and beyond) (due east.g., Albright 1949: 207; Epstein 1971: 558–584; Bulliet 1975; Zarins 1989; Köhler-Rollefson 1993; Uerpmann and Uerpmann 2002; Jasmin 2005; 2006; Heide 2010; Rosen and Saidel 2010; Grigson 2012). Most scholars today hold that the dromedary was exploited as a pack animal erstwhile in the early Iron Age (not before the twelfth century [BC])

and concludes:

Electric current data from copper smelting sites of the Aravah Valley enable us to pinpoint the introduction of domestic camels to the southern Levant more than precisely based on stratigraphic contexts associated with an extensive suite of radiocarbon dates. The data signal that this event occurred not earlier than the last third of the 10th century [BC] and most probably during this time. The coincidence of this event with a major reorganization of the copper manufacture of the region—attributed to the results of the campaign of Pharaoh Shoshenq I—raises the possibility that the two were connected, and that camels were introduced as function of the efforts to amend efficiency by facilitating trade.[82]

  • Petroglyph of a camel, Negev, southern Israel (prior to c. 5300 BC)

    Petroglyph of a camel, Negev, southern Israel (prior to c. 5300 BC)

Textiles

Desert tribes and Mongolian nomads employ camel hair for tents, yurts, vesture, bedding and accessories. Camels have outer guard hairs and soft inner down, and the fibers are sorted[ by whom? ] by color and age of the animate being. The guard hairs tin can exist felted for use as waterproof coats for the herdsmen, while the softer hair is used for premium appurtenances.[85] The fiber can exist spun for use in weaving or fabricated into yarns for hand knitting or crochet. Pure camel hair is recorded as being used for western garments from the 17th century onwards, and from the 19th century a mixture of wool and camel hair was used.[86]

Military uses

A painting of soldiers on camels

By at least 1200 BC the offset camel saddles had appeared, and Bactrian camels could be ridden. The offset saddle was positioned to the back of the camel, and command of the Bactrian camel was exercised by ways of a stick. However, between 500 and 100 BC, Bactrian camels came into military machine use. New saddles, which were inflexible and bent, were put over the humps and divided the rider's weight over the animal. In the seventh century BC the military Arabian saddle evolved, which again improved the saddle design slightly.[87] [88]

Military forces have used camel cavalries in wars throughout Africa, the Middle East, and into the modern-24-hour interval Border Security Force (BSF) of Bharat (though as of July 2012, the BSF planned the replacement of camels with ATVs). The first documented use of camel cavalries occurred in the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BC.[89] [ninety] [91] Armies have also used camels every bit freight animals instead of horses and mules.[92] [93]

The East Roman Empire used auxiliary forces known equally dromedarii, whom the Romans recruited in desert provinces.[94] [95] The camels were used more often than not in combat because of their ability to scare off horses at close range (horses are agape of the camels' scent),[xix] a quality famously employed by the Achaemenid Persians when fighting Lydia in the Battle of Thymbra (547 BC).[53] [96] [97]

19th and 20th centuries

A photo of Bulgarian military-transport camels in 1912

The The states Regular army established the U.S. Camel Corps, stationed in California, in the 19th century.[nineteen] One may still see stables at the Benicia Armory in Benicia, California, where they nowadays serve as the Benicia Historical Museum.[98] Though the experimental apply of camels was seen as a success (John B. Floyd, Secretary of War in 1858, recommended that funds be allocated towards obtaining a yard more than camels), the outbreak of the American Ceremonious War in 1861 saw the finish of the Camel Corps: Texas became role of the Confederacy, and most of the camels were left to wander away into the desert.[93]

France created a méhariste camel corps in 1912 as function of the Armée d'Afrique in the Sahara[99] in guild to exercise greater control over the camel-riding Tuareg and Arab insurgents, as previous efforts to defeat them on foot had failed.[100] The Complimentary French Camel Corps fought during Globe War Ii, and camel-mounted units remained in service until the end of French rule over Algeria in 1962.[101]

In 1916, the British created the Imperial Camel Corps. Information technology was originally used to fight the Senussi, only was later used in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in World State of war I. The Regal Camel Corps comprised infantrymen mounted on camels for movement across desert, though they dismounted at boxing sites and fought on pes. Later July 1918, the Corps began to go run down, receiving no new reinforcements, and was formally disbanded in 1919.[102]

In World State of war I, the British Army also created the Egyptian Camel Transport Corps, which consisted of a group of Egyptian camel drivers and their camels. The Corps supported British war operations in Sinai, Palestine, and Syria by transporting supplies to the troops.[103] [104] [105]

The Somaliland Camel Corps was created past colonial authorities in British Somaliland in 1912; it was disbanded in 1944.[106]

Bactrian camels were used by Romanian forces during World War Ii in the Caucasian region.[107] At the same period the Soviet units operating around Astrakhan in 1942 adopted local camels as draft animals due to shortage of trucks and horses, and kept them even later on moving out of the area. Despite severe losses, some of these camels ended upward as far w as to Berlin itself.[108]

The Bikaner Camel Corps of British India fought alongside the British Indian Army in World Wars I and II.[109]

The Tropas Nómadas (Nomad Troops) were an auxiliary regiment of Sahrawi tribesmen serving in the colonial ground forces in Spanish Sahara (today Western Sahara). Operational from the 1930s until the terminate of the Spanish presence in the territory in 1975, the Tropas Nómadas were equipped with small-scale artillery and led past Spanish officers. The unit of measurement guarded outposts and sometimes conducted patrols on camelback.[110] [111]

21st century competition

At the King Abdulaziz Camel Festival, in Saudi Arabia, thousands of camels are paraded and are judged on their lips and humps. The festival as well features camel racing and camel milk tasting and has combined prize coin of $57m (£40m). In 2018, 12 camels were disqualified from the beauty contest afterward it was discovered their owners had tried to ameliorate their camel'due south practiced looks with injections of botox, into the animals' lips, noses and jaws.[112] In 2021 over 40 camels were disqualified for acts of tampering and deception in beautifying camels.[113]

Food uses

Dairy

Camel milk is a staple food of desert nomad tribes and is sometimes considered a meal itself; a nomad can live on only camel milk for almost a calendar month.[19] [39] [114] [115]

Camel milk can readily be made into yogurt, simply can but be made into butter if it is soured first, churned, and a clarifying amanuensis is then added.[xix] Until recently, camel milk could not be made into camel cheese because rennet was unable to coalesce the milk proteins to allow the drove of curds.[116] Developing less wasteful uses of the milk, the FAO deputed Professor J.P. Ramet of the École Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires, who was able to produce curdling by the addition of calcium phosphate and vegetable rennet in the 1990s.[117] The cheese produced from this process has depression levels of cholesterol and is piece of cake to digest, fifty-fifty for the lactose intolerant.[118] [119]

Camel milk can also be made into water ice cream.[120] [121]

Meat

A Somali camel meat and rice dish

Camel meat pulao, from Pakistan

They provide food in the form of meat and milk.[122] Approximately three.3 million camels and camelids are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide.[123] A camel carcass tin provide a substantial corporeality of meat. The male dromedary carcass can weigh 300–400 kg (661–882 lb), while the carcass of a male person Bactrian tin weigh up to 650 kg (i,433 lb). The carcass of a female dromedary weighs less than the male, ranging between 250 and 350 kg (550 and 770 lb).[18] The brisket, ribs and loin are amid the preferred parts, and the hump is considered a delicacy.[124] The hump contains "white and sickly fat", which can be used to brand the khli (preserved meat) of mutton, beefiness, or camel.[125] On the other hand, camel milk and meat are rich in poly peptide, vitamins, glycogen, and other nutrients making them essential in the nutrition of many people. From chemical composition to meat quality, the dromedary camel is the preferred breed for meat production. It does well even in arid areas due to its unusual physiological behaviors and characteristics, which include tolerance to extreme temperatures, radiations from the sunday, water paucity, rugged landscape and low vegetation.[126] Camel meat is reported to gustation like coarse beefiness, only older camels can prove to be very tough,[13] [eighteen] although camel meat becomes tenderer the more information technology is cooked.[127]

Camel is one of the animals that tin can be ritually slaughtered and divided into three portions (for the home, for family unit and social networks, for those who cannot beget to slaughter an animal themselves) for the qurban of Eid al-Adha.[128] [129]

The Abu Dhabi Officers' Social club serves a camel burger mixed with beef or lamb fat in order to improve the texture and gustatory modality.[130] In Karachi, Pakistan, some restaurants prepare nihari from camel meat.[131] Specialist camel butchers provide skillful cuts, with the hump considered the most popular.[132]

Camel meat has been eaten for centuries. Information technology has been recorded by aboriginal Greek writers every bit an bachelor dish at banquets in aboriginal Persia, usually roasted whole.[133] The Roman emperor Heliogabalus enjoyed camel's heel.[39] Camel meat is mainly eaten in sure regions, including Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti, Saudi arabia, Egypt, Syria, Libya, Sudan, Ethiopia, Kazakhstan, and other barren regions where alternative forms of poly peptide may be express or where camel meat has had a long cultural history.[18] [39] [124] Camel claret is too consumable, as is the case among pastoralists in northern Kenya, where camel blood is boozer with milk and acts equally a key source of atomic number 26, vitamin D, salts and minerals.[xviii] [124] [134]

A 2005 report issued jointly by the Saudi Ministry of Health and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention details four cases of human bubonic plague resulting from the ingestion of raw camel liver.[135]

Australia

Camel meat is also occasionally plant in Australian cuisine: for example, a camel lasagna is bachelor in Alice Springs.[133] [134] Commonwealth of australia has exported camel meat, primarily to the Middle East but also to Europe and the The states, for many years.[136] The meat is very popular among Due east African Australians, such every bit Somalis, and other Australians accept too been buying it. The feral nature of the animals means they produce a different type of meat to farmed camels in other parts of the world,[137] and it is sought after because it is affliction-free, and a unique genetic group. Need is outstripping supply, and governments are existence urged not to cull the camels, but redirect the cost of the cull into developing the marketplace. Australia has seven camel dairies, which produce milk, cheese and skincare products in addition to meat.[138]

Organized religion

Islam

Muslims consider camel meat halal (Arabic: حلال, 'allowed'). Even so, co-ordinate to some Islamic schools of thought, a state of impurity is brought on by the consumption of it. Consequently, these schools hold that Muslims must perform wudhu (ablution) before the next time they pray after eating camel meat.[139] Likewise, some Islamic schools of thought consider it haram (Standard arabic: حرام, 'forbidden') for a Muslim to perform Salat in places where camels lie, as information technology is said to be a dwelling place of the Shaytan (Arabic: شيطان, 'Devil').[139] According to Abu Yusuf (d.798), the urine of camel may be used for medical handling if necessary, merely according to Abū Ḥanīfah, the drinking of camel urine is discouraged.[140]

The Islamic texts contain several stories featuring camels. In the story of the people of Thamud, the Prophet Salih miraculously brings along a naqat (Standard arabic: ناقة, 'milch-camel') out of a rock. After the Prophet Muhammad migrated from Mecca to Medina, he allowed his she-camel to roam there; the location where the camel stopped to balance determined the location where he would build his house in Medina.[141]

Judaism

According to Jewish tradition, camel meat and milk are not kosher.[142] Camels possess only one of the ii kosher criteria; although they chew their cud, they do not possess cloven hooves: "But these you shall not eat among those that bring up the cud and those that have a cloven hoof: the camel, because information technology brings up its cud, but does not take a [completely] cloven hoof; information technology is unclean for you lot."[143]

Cultural depictions

What may be the oldest carvings of camels were discovered in 2018 in Saudi arabia. They were analysed by researchers from several scientific disciplines and, in 2021, were estimated to be 7,000 to eight,000 years old.[144] The dating of rock fine art is made difficult by the lack of organic cloth in the carvings that may be tested, so the researchers attempting to engagement them tested animal bones establish associated with the carvings, assessed erosion patterns, and analysed tool marks in order to determine a correct date for the creation of the sculptures. This Neolithic dating would brand the carvings significantly older than Stonehenge (5,000 years old) and the Egyptian pyramids at Giza (4,500 years old) and it predates estimates for the domestication of camels.

  • Shadda (cover,detail), Karabagh region, southwest Caucasus, early 19th century

    Shadda (embrace,detail), Karabagh region, southwest Caucasus, early 19th century

  • Vessel in the form of a recumbent camel with jugs, 250 BC – 224 AD, Brooklyn Museum

    Vessel in the form of a recumbent camel with jugs, 250 BC – 224 AD, Brooklyn Museum

  • The Magi Journeying (Les rois mages en voyage)—James Tissot, c. 1886, Brooklyn Museum

    The Magi Journeying (Les rois mages en voyage)—James Tissot, c. 1886, Brooklyn Museum

Distribution and numbers

A view into a canyon: many camels gathering around a watering hole

In that location are approximately 14 million camels alive as of 2010[update], with 90% beingness dromedaries.[145] Dromedaries alive today are domesticated animals (mostly living in the Horn of Africa, the Sahel, Maghreb, Middle Eastward and South Asia). The Horn region alone has the largest concentration of camels in the world,[22] where the dromedaries found an of import part of local nomadic life. They provide nomadic people in Somalia[xviii] and Ethiopia with milk, nutrient, and transportation.[115] [146] [147] [148]

A world map with large camel populations marked

Commercial camel market headcount in 2003

Over one million dromedary camels are estimated to be feral in Australia, descended from those introduced equally a method of transport in the 19th and early on 20th centuries.[149] This population is growing virtually 8% per year;[150] it was estimated at around 700,000 in 2008.[134] [145] [151] Representatives of the Australian government have culled more than than 100,000 of the animals in office because the camels use too much of the limited resource needed by sheep farmers.[152]

A pocket-size population of introduced camels, dromedaries and Bactrians, wandered through Southwestern United States after having been imported in the 19th century as part of the U.S. Camel Corps experiment. When the project ended, they were used equally draft animals in mines and escaped or were released. Twenty-five U.S. camels were bought and exported to Canada during the Cariboo Gold Rush.[93]

The Bactrian camel is, equally of 2010[update], reduced to an estimated 1.four million animals, virtually of which are domesticated.[42] [145] [153] The Wild Bactrian camel is a separate species and is the only truly wild (as opposed to feral) camel in the world. The wild camels are critically endangered and number approximately 1400, inhabiting the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts in Prc and Mongolia.[12] [154]

See also

  • Afghan cameleers in Commonwealth of australia
  • Australian feral camel
  • Camel howdah
  • Camel milk
  • Camel racing
  • Camel railroad train (caravan)
  • Camel urine
  • Camel wrestling
  • Camelops
  • Camelus moreli
  • Dromedary
  • List of animals with humps
  • Xerocole

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General and cited references

  • Camels and Camel Milk. Written report Issued by Food and Agriculture Organization of the Un. (1982)
  • Ramet, J. P. (2011). The technology of making cheese from camel milk (Camelus dromedarius). FAO Fauna Product and Health Newspaper. Rome: Food and Agronomics Arrangement of the United Nations. ISBN978-92-5-103154-4. ISSN 0254-6019. OCLC 476039542. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
  • Vannithone, South.; Davidson, A. (1999). "Camel". The Oxford companion to nutrient. Oxford Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. p. 127. ISBN978-0-19-211579-9.
  • Wilson, R.T. (1984). The camel. New York: Longman. ISBN978-0-582-77512-i.
  • Yagil, R. (1982). Camels and Camel Milk. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper. Vol. 26. Rome: Nutrient And Agriculture System Of The United Nations. ISBN978-92-five-101169-0. ISSN 0254-6019.

Further reading

  • Gilchrist, W. (1851). A Practical Treatise on the Handling of the Diseases of the Elephant, Camel & Horned Cattle: with instructions for improving their efficiency; also, a description of the medicines used in the treatment of their diseases; and a general outline of their anatomy. Calcutta, India: Military machine Orphan Press.

External links

Wikimedia Eatables has media related to Camelus.

Wikiquote has quotations related to Camels .

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Words To Describe A Camel,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel

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